世纪收藏网：军用粮票赏析

粮票是20世纪50年代至85年代中国在特定经济时期发放的一种购粮凭证。 中国最早实行的票证种类是粮票、食用油票、布票等。粮票作为一种实际的有价证券，在中国使用达40多年，随着社会的发展，它已退出了历史舞台，成为收藏者的新宠。粮票是特殊经济条件下的历史产物，票面题材广泛，印制精细，具有时间性、地域性的特点。经年累月的岁月侵蚀，更使这种具有不可复制性的票证文物日渐稀少.

Food stamps were issued by China during the specific economic period from the 1950s to the 1980s. The earliest ticket types in China were food stamps, edible oil stamps, cloth stamps, etc. Grain stamps, as a kind of practical securities, have been used in China for more than 40 years. With the development of society, they have withdrawn from the historical stage and become a new favorite for collectors. Grain stamps are historical products under special economic conditions, with a wide range of nominal themes, fine printing, timeliness and regional characteristics. Years and months of erosion have made this kind of non - replicable ticket relics increasingly scarce.

最早实行凭票证供应的就是粮食。新中国成立初期，物资极度匮乏，粮食自然无法做到敞开供应。中央政府开始酝酿粮食的计划供应，以满足全国人民的温饱。1953 年，中央政府决定实行粮食统购统销政策，包括粮食计划收购政策，粮食计划供应政策，1955 年8 月25 日，国务院全体会议第17 次会议通过《市镇粮食定量供应凭证印制暂行办法》，紧接着，国家粮食部向全国发布这一暂行办法，很快，各种粮食票证便铺天盖地地进入社会。

Food was the first to be supplied by ticket. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, materials were extremely scarce and it was natural that food could not be supplied openly. The central government has begun to plan the supply of grain to meet the needs of the people throughout the country. In 1953, the central government decided to implement the policy of unified purchasing and marketing of grain, including the policy of purchasing grain and the policy of supplying grain. On August 25, 1955, the 17th plenary session of the State Council adopted the Interim Measures for Printing Ration Certificates for Grain Supply in Municipalities. Immediately after that, the State Grain Ministry issued the Interim Measures to the whole country, and soon all kinds of grain tickets entered the society with a flood of clothes.

票证发放虽然很多，但是仍然不能涵盖所有商品。因此，在票证之外，又发了各种购货本，如粮食本、副食本、煤炭本等等。至于购买工业品，国家还发放了工业券。到商店购买自己所需要的商品，需要交一定数量的工业券。大件、贵重的商品，又有自行车票、缝纫机票、手表票等.

Ticket issuance, though numerous, still does not cover all goods. Therefore, in addition to the tickets, various purchase books have been issued, such as grain books, non-staple food books, coal books and so on. As for the purchase of industrial products, the state also issued industrial vouchers. When you go to the store to buy the goods you need, you need to hand in a certain number of industrial vouchers. Large and expensive goods, as well as their own tickets, sewing tickets, watch tickets, etc.

建国后，1951年由中央人民政府财政部印制“军用支粮证”，即行军粮票，是建国后最早的军用粮票。此后，从1957年至2000年，粮食部、商业部、国内贸易部和国家粮食局先后9次印刷、发行过不同版面的军粮票。其中，1957年和1958年，粮食部正式印制发行“军用粮定额支票”，品种有面粉、大米、粗粮、马料四种，面额分别为50斤、100斤、1000斤、5000斤，票面有编号，是部队领粮、领料的凭证。为了方便领薪金的军官和军队在编职工购粮，1960年又印制了“军用价购粮票”。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Finance of the Central People's Government printed the " Military Grain Support Certificate" in 1951, that is, the marching grain ticket, which was the earliest military grain ticket after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Since then, from 1957 to 2000, the Ministry of Food, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Internal Trade and the State Food Administration have printed and issued military food stamps in different formats nine times. Among them, in 1957 and 1958, the Ministry of Food officially printed and issued " Military Grain Quota Check" in four varieties of flour, rice, coarse grain and horse material, with denominations of 50kg, 100kg, 1000kg and 5000kg respectively, bearing a number on the face, which is a voucher for troops to collect grain and materials. In order to make it easier for salaried officers and military personnel to purchase grain for their staff, a " military price food ticket" was printed in 1960.

目前就有这样一组军用粮票展现在国内知名艺术网站上—世纪收藏网。此组粮票1967年印制发行，有军用供给粮票，也有军用价购粮票，总计8张，票值不等，有伍拾市斤、壹百市斤、伍佰市斤、壹仟市斤。左上角为“中华人民共和国粮食部”，背面为粮票的使用说明。此组粮票保存完整，无折损,印制精细,票片图案清晰可见。

At present, there is such a group of military food stamps displayed on the famous domestic art website, Century Collection. This group of food stamps was printed and issued in 1967. There are military food stamps and military food stamps, with a total of 8 tickets with different values, including five hundred catties, one hundred catties, five hundred catties and one thousand catties. The top left corner is " Food Department of the People's Republic of China" and the back is the instructions for the use of food stamps. This group of food stamps is completely preserved, without any damage, printed carefully, and the pattern of the tickets is clearly visible.